剑桥雅思4 Test 4阅读Passage 3答案解析 医疗资源不足的问题 the problem of scarce resources
剑桥雅思4第四套题目阅读第三篇文章对应的13道题目由4道段落标题匹配，4道时间段匹配，以及5道YES/NO/NOT GIVEN构成，单从题目类型上来看，难度很大，具有不小的挑战性。因此，大家如果做的不好的话也不用伤心，好好总结错误的原因，继续下一篇就好。
点击查看这篇雅思阅读对应题目的原文翻译以及需要大家掌握的词汇：
雅思真题阅读词汇 剑桥雅思4 test 4 passage 3 医疗资源
剑桥雅思4 Test 4阅读Passage 3原文翻译 医疗资源稀缺的问题
剑4 Test 4 Passage 3阅读答案解析
第28题答案：iv
对应原文：A部分：The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned … Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide (either formally or informally)
解析：题干中的problem指的就是阅读原文一开始提到的医疗资源如何分配的问题。而every economically developed country又在这部分原词出现，因此确定答案为iv
第29题答案：i
对应原文：C部分：people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life. Like education, political and legal processes and institutions, public order, communication, transport and money supply, health-care came to be seen as one of the fundamental social facilities necessary for people to exercise their other rights as autonomous human beings.
解析：C部分明确提到卫生保健变成了跟其他人权一样的基本条件。其他选项这部分都没有提到，很容易确定答案为i
第30题答案：iii
对应原文：D部分：It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse
解析：D部分主要论述国家对医疗资源所负有的责任，即它们虽然不需要直接提供医疗资源，但却要保证居民可以享受医疗资源。这与iii选项，国家在医疗保健中的作用相一致，因此确定D为答案。
第31题答案：v
对应原文：E部分：Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources…The second set of more specific changes that have led to the present concern…
解析：E部分主要说明现存的矛盾，一方面是资源的有限性，另一方面是人们对自身应该拥有资料资源的普遍认知。这就导致今年以来医疗支出占GDP的比例不断升高。查看选项，只有v能够大概概括这一点，因此确定答案。
第32题答案：B
对应原文：B部分： Thus, in the 1950s and 1960s …The new consciousness that there were also severe limits to health-care resources was part of this general revelation of the obvious.
解析：这部分的题目从选项出发寻找会更加简单一些。20世纪50年代到60年代之间，人们文章来自老烤鸭雅思意识到能源的有限性，进而意识到医疗资源的有限性。题干中的realisation与consciouness对应，由此确定答案。
第33题答案：B
对应原文：E部分： Thus in OECD countries as a whole, health costs increased from 3.8% of GDP in 1960 to 7% of GDP in 1980
解析：根据费用的剧烈上涨定位到E段这一句，里面明确提出时间点是1960-1980年之间，因此确定答案为B
第34题答案：A
对应原文：B部分：after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisible hand’ of economic progress would provide.
解析：根据题干中community, economic growth等词定位到B段的最后一句。文中明确说明是在1939-45之后，因此确定答案为A
第35题答案：B
对应原文：D部分：by the late 1970s…It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse.
解析：根据题干中国家的作用这一内容定位到D部分，找到上述句子，从此往前找，发现by the late 1970s这一时间点，即20世纪70年代之前，尤其确定答案为B
第36题答案：NO
对应原文：C部分：In the same way, basic health-care is a condition of the exercise of autonomy.
解析：文中含义为基本的医疗保健是实行自主权利的条件。可见题干中说说的personal liberty和independence与health-care是存在直接关系的，因此判断为NO
第37题答案：YES
对应原文：C部分：However, at exactly the same time as this new realisation of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life
解析：题干中right, the same time, limits, evident这四个最主要的信息点在原文中都能找到对应的地方，因此判断答案为YES
第38题答案：YES
对应原文：E部分：the dramatic rise in health costs in most OECD countries, accompanied by large-scale demographic and social changes
解析：文中提到人口组成的变化与社会变化一起导致医疗开支剧增，即人口对最近几年的医疗开始有影响。这道题目的关键在于原文中demographic（人口统计数据）与题干中population的对应。
第39题答案：NOT GIVEN
解析：根据OECD定位到E部分，但文中只说了在这些国家医疗开始不断上升，却没有提到他们的应对办法，更没有提到他们有没有削减所提供的医疗水平，因此判断答案为NOT GIVEN
第40题答案：NOT GIVEN
对应原文：E部分：elderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources.
解析：虽然E部分中确实提到老年人是医疗资源的主要消耗者，但这是现在的情况。未来如何以及老人是否特殊都没有提到，因此判断为NOT GIVEN
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