剑桥雅思19Test4Passage3阅读答案解析 The Unselfish Gene 不自私的基因
剑桥雅思19阅读第四套题目第三篇文章的14道题由4道单选，5道总结型填空和5道YES/NO/NOT GIVEN判断组成。相比于剑19前几套题目的第三篇文章来说要简单好多，也就是31题和34题的答案词比较难，会给我们带来一些困扰。其他题目都是正常的套路，希望大家都能拿到不错的正确率。下面是具体每道题目的答案解析。
剑桥雅思19Test4Passage3阅读原文翻译 The Unselfish Gene 不自私的基因
第27题答案：C
对应原文：第1段：There has long been a general assumption that human beings are essentially selfish
答案解析：文章开头提到，“人类天性自私，这种看法早已深入人心。”C选项commonly对应general，belief对应assumption，behavior对应essentially selfish，由此确定它为正确答案。A选项错在two opposing views，B选项错在justifying his opinion（从后文可以可出作者是反对人性自私这一观点的），而D选项则错在explaining why和he thinks，因此通通排除。
第28题答案：C
对应原文：第2段：The Selfish Gene became popular because it fitted so well with … the competitive and individualistic ethos that was so prevalent in late 20th-century societies
答案解析：原文第2段提到，《自私的基因》一书很好地契合了20世纪末盛行的竞争意识和个人主义价值观。选项C中in line with对应fitted so well with，attitudes对应competitive and individualistic ethos，而its time则对应late 20th-century，由此确定其为正确答案。选项A错在radical nature和选项B错在due to the scientific support，以及选项D则错在innovative approach，因此通通排除。
第29题答案：B
对应原文：第4段：With such small population densities, it seems unlikely that prehistoric hunter-gatherer groups had to compete against each other for resources
答案解析：第4段后半部分提到，“在人口密度如此之低的情况下，史前的人类群体之间几乎没有必要为了资源而彼此竞争”。即B选项所说的自然资源相对丰富。选项A中的more complex，选项C中的inaccurate，以及选项D中的humans moved across continents在原文中都找不到依据，因此通通排除。
第30题答案：A
对应原文：第5段：hunter-gatherers are characterised by ‘extreme political and sexual egalitarianism’
答案解析：这道题需要适当的推断。第5段中间提到，“狩猎采集社会的显著特点是高度的政治和性别平等”。再加上作者后面所说的，从狩猎采集社会到农业社会的转变带来人性的变化，可以看出自私是最近才出现的，由此确定A为正确答案。选项B，C，D所陈述的观点几乎与原文无关，因此通通排除。
第31题答案：egalitarianism
对应原文：第5段：Bruce Knauft has remarked, hunter-gatherers are characterised by ‘extreme political and sexual egalitarianism’
答案解析：根据人名定位到第5段的中部，虽然大多数同学可能都不认识egalitarianism，但根据a high level of与extreme的同义替换仍然可以锁定它为正确答案。
第32题答案：status
对应原文：第5段：They also have methods of preserving egalitarianism by ensuring that disparities of status don’t arise.
答案解析：顺着上一题往下，根据methods与strategies的对应定位到这句话。differences与disparities，occurring与arise同义替换，由修饰关系确定status为正确答案。
第33题答案：hunting
对应原文：第6段：swap arrows before going hunting and when an animal is killed, this article is from laokaoya, the acclaim does not go to the person who fired the arrow, but to the person the arrow belongs to.
答案解析：根据部落名字定位到第6段。这道题的同义替换幅度比较大，题干中credit对应acclaim，success对应an animal is killed，given对应go to，member对应person，确定答案应该就在这句话里。仔细寻找之后发现，能够与空前词at构成语义合适的短语的只有hunting，由此确定它为正确答案。
第34题答案：domineering
对应原文：第6段：And if a person becomes too domineering, the other members of the group ostracise them, exiling the offender from society.
答案解析：顺着上一题往下，根据being excluded from the group与exiling the offender from society的对应定位到这句话。虽然很多同学都不太认识domineering，但从becomes可以推断出它应该是个形容词，而a person也能与individuals同义替换，由修饰关系确定它是答案。
第35题答案：autonomy
对应原文：第7段：Women in hunter-gatherer groups worldwide often benefit from a high level of autonomy
答案解析：顺着上一题往下，根据women定位到这句话。空前修饰词a considerable amount of与a high level of同义替换，确定autonomy为正确答案。
第36题答案：NOT GIVEN
对应原文：第7段：Many anthropologists believe that societies such as the !Kung were normal until a few thousand years ago, when population growth led to the development of agriculture and a settled lifestyle.
答案解析：根据anthropologists和部落名称定位到第7段的开头。但原文既没有提到mistaken，也没有说decline，因此判断答案为NOT GIVEN。
第37题答案：NO
对应原文：第7段：there seems little reason to assume that traits such as racism, warfare and male domination should have been selected by evolution – as they would have been of little benefit in the prehistoric era.
答案解析：第7段中间提到，“我们几乎没有理由认为种族主义、战争和男性主导等特质是通过进化被“筛选”出来的——因为在史前时期，这些特质并没有什么实际益处”。题干中an advantage over those who did not的说法与原文中little benefit的描述相反，因此判断答案为NO。
第38题答案：YES
对应原文：第8段：traits such as cooperation, egalitarianism, altruism and peacefulness as innate characteristics of human beings
答案解析：第8段开头提到，“合作、平等、无私和和平才是人类与生俱来的特质”。题干中peaceful和cooperative只是做了基本的词性替换，而natural way则对应innate characteristics，即所有信息点在原文中都能找到依据，因此判断答案为YES。
第39题答案：NOT GIVEN
对应原文：第9段：if prehistoric life wasn’t really as brutal as has often been assumed, why do modern humans behave so selfishly and ruthlessly?
答案解析：原文只是说“现代人却表现得如此自私和冷酷”，并没有比较不同的现代文化（more apparent in some modern cultures than in others），因此判断答案为NOT GIVEN。
第40题答案：NO
对应原文：第9段：Research has shown repeatedly that when the natural habitats of primates such as apes and gorillas are disrupted, they tend to become more violent and hierarchical.
答案解析：原文第9段的后半部分提到，“研究一再表明，当猿类或大猩猩等灵长类动物的自然栖息地受到破坏时，它们往往会变得更加暴力，社会结构也更倾向于等级化”。题干中failed to reveal a link的说法与原文中research has shown repeatedly的描述相反，因此判断答案为NO。
